EPIDURAL ANAESTHESIA & SPINAL ANAESTHESIA PIERCING STRUCTURE MNEMONICS, SIL vs SILDA

STRUCTURE PIERCED WHILE GIVING SPINAL ANAESTHESIA MNEMONICS "SIL-DA" 
✓skin 
✓subcutaneous tissue 
✓supraspinous ligament 
✓Interspinous ligament 
✓ligementum flavum 
✓Dura mater 
✓Arachnoid mater. 
Next Structure, Not to be pierced by needle ,Subarachnoid space(CSF) & Pia mater.

SITE OF SPINAL OR EPIDURAL ANAESTHESIA:-
Adult :L3-L4 level
Children: L4-L5

N.B:
Adult Spinal cord ends at L1,
Infant Spinal cord ends at L3 (reaches adult level at age 3-5 years)

CONTRAINDICATIONS OF REGIONAL ANAESTHESIA:

Infection at the Site: Spinal anesthesia is contraindicated if there is an active infection at the site where the injection would be administered, as it could lead to the spread of infection into the cerebrospinal fluid.

Severe Coagulopathy: Patients with severe blood clotting disorders or those on anticoagulant medications may be at increased risk of bleeding complications during spinal anesthesia, making it a contraindication.

Increased Intracranial Pressure (ICP): Individuals with elevated intracranial pressure, often seen in conditions like brain tumors or head injuries, should avoid spinal anesthesia to prevent further complications.

Allergy or Hypersensitivity: Known allergy or hypersensitivity to local anesthetics commonly used in spinal anesthesia is a contraindication to avoid severe allergic reactions.

Unstable Cardiovascular Status: Patients with unstable cardiovascular conditions, such as severe hypovolemia or shock, may not be suitable candidates for spinal anesthesia due to potential hemodynamic instability.

Severe Hypovolemia: Spinal anesthesia may lead to a sudden drop in blood pressure, and it is contraindicated in individuals with severe hypovolemia as it can exacerbate cardiovascular compromise.

Adverse effects:
Hypotension: Spinal anesthesia can cause a sudden drop in blood pressure, leading to dizziness or fainting.

Headache: Occasionally, a post-spinal headache may occur due to leakage of cerebrospinal fluid during the procedure.
Post dural puncture headache (PDPH) seen in females after LSCS due to CSF leakage.

Nausea and Vomiting: Some individuals may experience nausea or vomiting as a side effect of spinal anesthesia.

Back Pain: Discomfort or pain in the lower back can occur, especially after the anesthesia wears off.

Nerve Damage: In rare cases, spinal anesthesia can cause nerve damage, resulting in numbness or weakness in the legs. 




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